館藏發展 - 12.16

E. Collection evaluation methods
館藏評估方法
The techniques and processes used to gather data for collection assessment are briefly described below. The data ideally describe in a succinct fashion the strength and depth of existing collections and provide a basis on which to assign collection levels.
用於館藏評估的收集資料之方法和步驟，簡要說明如下。資料理想上以簡潔的方式敘述其現有館藏的強度和深度，和提供一個指定館藏層級的基礎。

Some techniques are essential and should be used consistently, while others are valuable under certain circumstances and not always necessary. It is up to the individual conducting the evaluation to select the methods, which will be used for each segment of the collection. This decision is based upon the availability of data, the amount of staff and other support available, and the goal for the final outcome (how it will be used in the library/institution). The techniques available for evaluating collections may be divided into two groups: those that are primarily collection-centered and those that are client-centered. Collection-centered techniques examine the content and characteristics of the information resources in order to determine the size, age, scope and depth of the collection in comparison to an external standard. Client-centered techniques describe how the collection is used and indicate the effectiveness of the collection relative to use. Collection assessment is likely to be most accurate and produce the most useful results when combinations of client-centered and collection-centered techniques, including both quantitative and qualitative results are employed in the data gathering and description process.
有些不可缺少的方法應被一貫地使用，然而在某些情況下其他的方法是有用的，但不一定是必要的。它取決於個別處理選擇評估的方法，這將會用於每個部分的館藏。
這個決定是根據現有的資料、工作人員數量和他其支援、最終的目標(如何將它用於圖書館/機構)。用於評估館藏的方法可分為兩大類：以館藏為導向和以使用者為導向。以館藏為導向的方法，審查資料來源的內容和特點，以決定館藏的大小、年齡、範圍、深度，來跟外部的標準做比較。以使用者為導向的方法，描述了館藏的使用情形和指出相關館藏有效的使用情形。館藏評估在結合以使用者為導向和以館藏為導向的方法時，很可能是最準確和產生最有效結果的。
包括利用資料收集和描述的過程時量和質的結果。

- Quantitative Measures
量的測量
Quantitative measures reveal size, age, use, costs and other numeric data. Examples of quantitative measures include inventory, or shelf list measures to determine actual title or volume counts, by segment or subject area. Median age or similar measures indicate the currency of the materials. Amount expended for acquisitions in a segment or subject area per year illustrates the ongoing commitment to develop that area. Percentage of titles owned by a library when compared to a standard list shows the breadth and depth of the collection. Use statistics (including internal library use and ILL) are both collection and client-centered.
量的測量顯示出大小、年齡、使用、費用和其他數字的資料。例子包括以部分或主題項，來測量詳細的目錄或架子上的清單，以確定實際名稱或卷數。中間的年齡或類似的測量指出了資料的流通。每年花在用於獲取部分或主題項的費用，說明了不斷致力於開發這個領域。圖書館所擁有書籍和一個標準的目錄做比較，可以顯示其館藏的廣度和深度。使用統計資料(包括內部使用和館際互借)都有館藏和使用者導向。

- Qualitative Measures
質的測量
Qualitative measures are obtained through subjective evaluation and involve the professional judgment of librarians, appraisal from subject experts, or the opinion of customers. These techniques include impressions of the condition, character and appropriateness of a section of the collection. Another qualitative technique is the judgment made by comparison of one subject in the collection to a similar subject in another library, or to a subject bibliography.
質的測量是透過圖書館員的主觀評價和專業判斷、主題專家的評價、或使用者的意見。這些方法包括環境的影響、特性和適合的館藏細目。另一個定質的方法，是跟另一個圖書館館藏學科中比較相似的主題，或是跟一個書目的主題來做比較後所得到評估。

F. Collection depth indicators
館藏深度指標
The collection depth indicators, or levels, are numerical values used to describe a library’s collecting activity and goals. Three aspects of collection management are considered: current collection level, acquisition commitment, and collection goal.
館藏深度的指標或層級，是用來描述一個圖書館的收集活動和目標的一個數值。三個面向的館藏管理被認為是：目前的館藏層級、採購保證和館藏目標。

Collection depth indicator definitions (see Appendix 2):
館藏深度指標的定義(見附錄2)
0 = out of scope 超過範圍
1 = minimal information level 最低資料層級
2 = basic information level 基本的資料層級
3 = study or instructional support level 支持學習或教學的層級
4 = research level 研究層級
5 = comprehensive level 綜合層級

G. Language codes (RLG) 語言代碼 (RLG)
E: English language material predominates; little or no foreign language material is in the collection.
館藏以英語資料為主；很少或根本沒有外國語言的資料。
F: Selected foreign language material included in addition to the English material.
選擇除了英文資料之外的國外語言資料。
W: Wide selection of material in all applicable languages. No programmatic decision is made to restrict materials according to language.
在所有適用的語言中廣泛的選擇資料。沒有計劃所做出的決定，會根據語言去限
制資料。
Y: Material is primarily in one foreign language. The overall focus is on collecting material in the vernacular of the area.
資料主要是在一個外國的語言。全部的重點則是收集地區方言的資料。

H. Language codes (WLN) 語言代碼 (WLN)
P: Primary language of the country predominates --- little or no other language material.
國家的主要語言佔大多數---很少或根本沒有其他語言的資料。
S: Selected other language material included in addition to the primary language.
選定除了主要語言的其他語言的資料。
W: Wide selection of languages represented.
廣泛選擇代表的語言
X: Material is mainly in one language other than the primary language of the library and country.
資料的語言，是除了圖書館和國家主要的語言以外的語言。

I. Policy implementation and revision timetables
政策的執行和修訂時間表
This describes the process for implementation, timetable for revision and other official adoption issues and introduces the notion of control.
這描述執行的過程、修訂的時間表和其他採納的議題，並介紹控制的概念。

Control 控制
• Check the regular and pertinent application of the collection development policy on future acquisitions.
在未來的採購上，檢查館藏發展政策的固定和恰當的應用。
• Call into question standing orders and subscriptions; thus apply retrospectively current policy standards on existing collections and relegate documents not fulfilling updated objectives.
質疑長期訂購和訂閱；從而使現有館藏適用於追溯到現行政策的標準，並淘汰沒有符合最新目標的文件。

Revision 修訂
• Re-examine the policy text at a frequency to be determined in order to detect insufficiences and integrate new needs or recent modifications such as budget cuts, new curricula, etc.
固定時間去重新檢查政策正文，以找出不適當的地方，並結合新的需求或是最近的修改，如預算的刪減、新的課程等等。