館藏發展 - 12.09

COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT POLICY ELEMENTS
館藏發展政策要點

A. Introduction
The main reason to write a collection development policy is to prevent the library from being driven by events or by individual enthusiasms and from purchasing a random set of resources, which may not support the mission of the library. Besides, electronic resources are becoming increasingly important to libraries of all types and sizes, and are consuming an ever-increasing share of library budgets. Therefore, selection decisions concerning electronic information resources should also be made within an explicit collection development policy. This might be a separate policy or an integrated one.
寫一份館藏發展政策最主要的原因，是為了防止圖書館被事件或個別的熱情驅使而購買一套隨機的資源，這資源可能不支持圖書館的任務。此外，電子資源對所有類型和規模的圖書館來說，正變得越來越重要，以及圖書館花費越來越多的預算在這上面。因此，也應有明確的館藏發展政策，甄選決定關於電子資訊資源。這可能是一個單獨的政策或一個綜合的政策。

The first elements of a collection development policy will be a mission statement of the library, the purpose of this policy and the audience to whom it is addressed. It should also include brief statements about the community or user group(s); description of the types of programs the library collection serves; the size (including number of periodicals, monographic volumes, electronic resources, languages represented) of the collection; a detailed budgetary overview of the money the library will spend on the different types of information resources; and any formal or informal cooperative agreements that affect the collection policy or practices.
館藏發展政策的第一要素將是圖書館的務任說明，政策的目的是滿足群眾。它也應包括簡短說明，關於社會或用戶群們；圖書館館藏服務類型的描述；館藏的規模(包括一些期刊、專題性的書籍、電子資源、語言派)；一份詳細的預算資金概要，關於圖書館將花費在不同類型的資訊資源；和任何正式或非正式的合作協議，其影響館藏的政策或做法。

B. General Statements
Here will be listed characteristics that determine the direction of the development of the collection such as: current focus only or also retrospective acquisitions; the resource types (monographs, periodicals, theses, gray literature, maps, etc.); languages; formats (printed, nonprint or electronic); special sources of funding (a grant or gift from a donor); the policy regarding gifts and any special policies regarding maintenance (weeding, discarding, preservation) of the collection; and size of the collections. Other statements can be about how complaints are handled; if there is an equivalent to the "Library Bill of Rights"; about other relevant policies; what limitations exist - what subjects or areas are intentionally not collected etc.
在這裡將列出決定館藏發展方向的特點，如：目前的或追溯到以前的採購重點；資源類型(專著、期刊、論文、灰色文獻、地圖等)；語言；形式(紙本、非紙本或電子的)；特殊的經費來源(補助或捐助者捐贈)；關於贈送的政策和任何關於館藏維持(淘汰、丟棄、保存)的特殊政策；和館藏的規模的大小。其他說明可以是關於如何處理投訴；如果有一個相當於“圖書館權利法案”；關於其他相關政策；存在什麼限制-什麼主題或領域是故意不收集的等等。

C. Narrative Statements
Each institution, including its community and other constituents, is unique. Therefore, its policy statements will be unique. The policy statements should reflect this particular library and the community it serves.
每個機構，包括其社區和其他組成要素，是獨一無二的。因此，其政策聲明將是獨一無二的。該政策聲明，應反映這一特定的圖書館和其服務的社區。
•Statements should be made of special subject or format collections that represent unique materials and for which special guidelines apply, and which formats are excluded.
聲明應由特別的主題或特別形式的集合組成，其適用於代表獨特的資料、特殊指南、被排除在外的格式。
•The scope of coverage should be described (languages collected or excluded; geographical areas covered and/or specific areas excluded; chronological periods covered by the collection in terms of intellectual content and in terms of publication dates and specific periods excluded).
涵蓋的範圍應予以說明(語文收集或排除在外；涵蓋的地理區域和/或排除在外的特定領域；依時間順序時期所涉及的館藏知識內容、出版日期、排除在外的特定時期)。
•Subjects should be described in terms of the library’s classification scheme and subject descriptors.
主題應該在圖書館的分類法和主題描述的方面來描述。
•Library unit or selector responsible for the collection(s).
圖書館的單位或選擇者負責館藏。
•Other categories of useful local information, such as interdisciplinary relationships; consortial relationships; policies for acquiring access to information.
其他有用的本地資訊種類，如各學科間的關係；聯盟關係；取得近用資訊的政策。
•Other factors of local importance.
其他當地的重要因素。

D. Subject Profiles
This section of the policy is based upon collection assessment (also referred to as collection evaluation) and needs periodic updating to reflect progress towards goals or goal revision due to changing circumstances. The preferred presentation is a set of conspectus reports, which include all appropriate collection information. Conspectus means an overview or summary of collection strength and collecting intensities – arranged by subject, classification scheme, or combination of either, and containing standardized codes for collection or collecting levels and languages of materials collected. Such a conspectus is a synopsis of a library’s collection or of a consortium’s or network’s coordinated collection development overview or policy. The first conspectus was developed by the Research Libraries Group (RLG) and was subsequently adapted by other groups such as the WLN (Western Library Network). The information should be provided for each conspectus division (24), category (500) and subject (4000) evaluated by the library. See the Appendix for the list of the 24 Conspectus Divisions.
本節的政策是以館藏的評估為基礎(也稱為館藏評價)，需要定期更新，以反映目標的進展情況或目標由於不斷變化情況的修訂情況。首先的介紹是一套概論報告，其中包括所有適當的館藏資訊。概論意指館藏強度和收集強度的概要或總結-安排的主題、分類計劃、或兩者之中的組合，並包含館藏的標準規範或收集層次和語言資料的收集。這樣的概論是一個圖書館館藏或聯合館藏的概要，或網路的一致館藏發展的概述或政策概述。最先的概論是由研究圖書館團體(RLG)發展，隨後由其他團體(如WLN(西部圖書館網路))作出修改。資訊應該提供給每個概論部份(24)、類別(500)和主題(4000)藉由圖書館的評估。見附錄列表中的24個概論部份。

The assessment is achieved by a number of steps which include planning, gathering data, assigning collection depth indicators (or levels) and language codes. This information is used to manage the library's resources and to make other decisions relevant to the general operations.
評估的完成藉由若干個步驟，其中包括規劃、收集資料、指定館藏深度指標(或水平)和語言規範。此資訊是用來管理圖書館的資源和作出其他有關一般活動的決定。